Lipoma of the brain and interhemispheric fissure: symptoms and treatment

Types and associated symptoms

The symptoms of lipoma development do not differ in specific signs and have a similar clinical picture with various pathologies of the central nervous system. For this reason, the disease is difficult to diagnose.

In the first stages, the tumor develops without any special manifestations. Sometimes people live with a lipoma in the brain for many years without complaining at all about feeling unwell.

As a rule, the patient learns about the wen by chance, as a result of a brain examination for other reasons. As the tumor grows, the condition worsens, which should not be ignored.

The neoplasm is painless, mobile, soft in consistency. Depending on the location, a distinction is made between interhemispheric and interhemispheric fissure lipoma. The tumor forms only in 2 sections of the intracranial box, rarely in the quadrigeminal cistern.

Interhemispheric

The interhemispheric wen forms in the corpus callosum in children or adults. During diagnostic procedures, a cluster of several tumors is often detected.

Patients are concerned about visual and auditory hallucinations, uncontrolled movements of the limbs, lethargy, and an increase in the production of pituitary hormones.

Interhemispheric fissure

Lipoma of the interhemispheric fissure of the brain affects certain brain centers. This pressure leads to a sharp drop in vision and hearing, sleep disturbances, constant surges in intracranial pressure, weakness, memory impairment, and severe headaches. The formation of an interhemispheric fissure can reach the size of a chicken egg.

Some experts believe that it is possible for a wen to appear in the falx cerebri. Falx lipoma provokes severe headaches localized in the frontal lobe. The person is bothered by twitching of the left limbs and a feeling of a lump in the throat.

Lipoma of the left and right frontal lobe of the brain necessarily provokes a change in mental state and a malfunction of vital organs. Due to cerebrovascular accident, there is a high risk of stroke.

Of particular concern is the addition of persistent vomiting, double vision, increased drowsiness, and disturbances of consciousness. With the above signs, it is important to exclude the presence of malignant tumors and other serious abnormalities.

Clinical picture

The tumor does not produce symptoms for many years. However, its gradual growth presses and pushes apart the surrounding brain structures in the unchanged volume of the cranium. As a rule, they easily adapt to this pressure, since a lipoma is a formation of soft consistency.

But if it reaches large sizes, then neighboring structures can no longer function normally. This becomes the cause of the first complaints of patients, as well as objective symptoms.

Symptoms common to brain tumor pathology

General symptoms consist of signs of increased pressure in the cranial cavity and focal symptoms.

The type of focal symptom depends on the location of the wen (gap between the hemispheres, quadrigeminal, falx).

• general symptoms (complaints of dizziness, increasing cephalalgia in the morning, nausea, vomiting);
• autonomic dysfunction (sudden changes in blood pressure, slight tremors of the limbs, loss or suppression of appetite, intestinal dysfunction);
• movement disorders (obsessive movements, attacks of epileptic seizures);
• mental disorders (decreased memory, attention function, difficulty falling asleep, sleep duration at night, increased irritability, slow reactions, apathy).

Main reasons for education

Brain lipoma is an extremely rare disease. Its occurrence does not depend on the age or gender of a person. It is not possible to establish the exact cause of the formation of wen. The development of a benign tumor is promoted by various congenital and acquired factors:

• genetic predisposition;
• poor nutrition leading to metabolic disorders;
• radiation and chemical effects on the human body;
• excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, drugs, smoking;
• overwork, violation of day and night routine;
• receiving a traumatic brain injury;
• hormonal disbalance;
• weakened immune system;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• presence of diabetes mellitus;
• demodicosis

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In medical practice, there are cases of congenital brain lipoma. The causes of this pathology are associated with impaired intrauterine development of the fetus.

The lifestyle of a pregnant woman, her health status, and injury (for example, as a result of a strong blow to the abdomen) have a negative impact on the child’s body.

Modern diagnostic methods

Diagnosing a brain lipoma is not difficult for a specialist. The presence of a tumor can be determined using ultrasound, MRI or CT.

During the study, the location of the formation, its structure, size, and the presence of additional foci of formation are clarified.

The specificity of the tumor is manifested by the absence of blood vessels in the affected area. Otherwise, there is a high probability that the tumor is malignant.

X-ray examination

One of the accessible and informative diagnostic methods is x-ray. With its help, it is possible to assess the condition of internal structures and bone elements. The procedure is accompanied by low body irradiation, so it is recommended to do it no more than once a year.

The images obtained after an X-ray scan do not always have the necessary information content. It will be impossible to clarify the structure of education, and additional research will be needed.

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI is a very accurate method of diagnosing the disease, carried out using a special closed-type apparatus. The principle of its action is the effect of radio frequency frequencies and a magnetic field on the body.

The computer reads the incoming impulses from the cells, resulting in a three-dimensional image. MRI will allow you to detect even the smallest changes in brain tissue.

CT scan

CT is based on layer-by-layer X-ray scanning of brain tissue. The diagnostic method is recommended for patients with claustrophobia and fear of closed spaces.

The tomograph affects the area under study from different angles. CT allows not only to determine the size and location of the tumor, but also to assess the state of the circulatory system at the site of the lesion.

The procedure does not require prior preparation and can be performed at any time of the day. It is acceptable to combine with contrasting of blood vessels.

Echoencephalography

Ultrasound of the brain is used to clarify the structure of the lipoma formation. Ultrasound is reflected from the midline structures of the brain.

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On intracranial examination, the lipoma appears as a hypoechoic formation with a thin capsule. Ultrasound does not have a negative effect on the body, which allows the procedure to be performed the required number of times.

In addition to CT and MRI, the patient is required to undergo a general analysis of blood, urine, and stool. During diagnosis, it is necessary to determine whether the neoplasm is benign or whether there is reason to suspect cancer.

Treatment methods used

When identifying a brain lipoma, first of all, the presence of symptoms, location, and its size are recorded. If the tumor is benign and does not affect the patient’s quality of life, doctors in this clinical case take a wait-and-see approach. To track dynamics, constant monitoring of possible growth in education will be required.

Fatty tumors are insensitive to the effects of highly active X-ray radiation and the use of cytostatic agents (chemotherapy).

An increase in lipoma size, which puts pressure on nerve endings and blood vessels, is an absolute indication for surgical treatment.

The choice of surgical intervention method directly depends on the location of the wen and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Endoscopic treatment

During the operation, a small hole is made and drilled into the skull. An endoscope with a video camera is inserted through it to obtain a full overview.

A thorough examination of the formation will allow the formation to be completely removed within healthy tissue.

Conventional surgery

The operation takes place under general anesthesia. The surgeon performs trepanation of the skull followed by extraction of adipose tissue and capsule. This method is justified for large tumor sizes.

The operation is traumatic, but the number of relapses with this treatment is minimal. The stitches are removed after 7 days.

Difficulties during removal arise if the tumor is intertwined with nerves and blood vessels. Any inaccurate movement by the surgeon can lead to serious consequences.

Carrying out aspiration puncture

A special needle with suction is inserted through a small hole in the skull, with the help of which the wen is removed. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of removing the capsule and, as a consequence, the risk of relapse.

Before surgery, it is mandatory to conduct an HIV test, a general clinical laboratory examination, and determine the biochemical composition of the blood and glucose level. It is important at the preparation stage to exclude any contraindications for surgery.

Complications during lipoma removal occur rarely and in most cases are associated with subsequent infection of the postoperative wound, as well as the appearance of a hematoma. Treatment with traditional methods is unacceptable in this case.

Only the use of modern techniques will avoid severe damage to parts of the brain. After removal of the lipoma, a histological examination is possible.

Types of treatment for brain lipoma

When a neoplasm is detected, the first thing to do is record the presence of symptoms, location and size. If it does not have a serious effect on neighboring tissues and organs, then the doctor decides to constantly monitor its growth and development. If at some point a lipoma of the spinal cord or head begins to grow sharply and creates pressure on the nerve endings and blood vessels, then surgical removal is most often prescribed. It is worth noting that the tumor cannot be treated with chemotherapy and radiation.

Removal of a benign neoplasm along with the capsule. It is usually used to remove a scalp tumor, but the procedure is considered dangerous. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to perform craniotomy, which threatens damage to important parts. But in terms of forecasts, this type is considered very successful, helping to get rid of the disease forever.

Endoscopic removal. A small hole is made in the skull through which a device - an endoscope - is inserted, and removal is carried out with its help. This method is considered less traumatic.

Puncture-aspiration removal. A small tube with suction is inserted through a small hole in the skull, through which the tumor is removed. The disadvantage of this procedure is that the wen capsule remains and the risk of relapse increases. The stitches after the operation are removed after 7 days, rehabilitation does not require much effort, since no special complications are observed.

Not all tumors are dangerous; some are benign, such as brain lipomas. However, despite its benign nature, such a pathology still requires adequate therapy. Statistical studies show that every year the number of deaths from malignant diseases is gradually increasing.

A lipoma is a formation that consists of adipose tissue and, as it grows, may not even cause clinical symptoms. Sometimes, during the development of pathology, complications may arise that not only complicate treatment, but can also lead to disability for the patient. Compared to wen in other locations, a wen in the brain is more dangerous. To avoid dangerous consequences, when the first signs of lipoma appear, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Lipoma (better known as a wen) is a benign formation consisting primarily of adipose tissue. Growths can occur on any part of the body, including internal organs. Often the tumor does not pose a danger, since it has no tendency to degenerate. However, a tumor located in a vital organ (such as a brain lipoma) can cause serious problems.

Treatment of lipoma can be operable or inoperable. In the second case, the patient is prescribed medications and ointments. Operative techniques include:

1. excision;
2. minimally invasive removal;
3. laser removal;
4. electrocoagulation;
5. radio wave removal;
6. liposuction;

Each type of treatment can be combined with alternative medicine methods, but not replaced by them.

Therapy for brain lipomas is exclusively surgical. Radical intervention for this disease is aimed at removing the benign neoplasm along with its capsule. It should be noted that not in all clinical cases doctors recommend excising the lipoma. For some patients, doctors prescribe watchful waiting, which involves periodically monitoring the size of the tumor. Such treatment is possible due to the benign course of the lipoma and the absence of the likelihood of malignant transformation.

The absolute indication for surgical removal of a brain wen is considered to be the pressure of mutated tissue on vital brain centers.

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The patient undergoes craniotomy. After this, the neurosurgeon identifies and removes the tumor.

It should be noted that fatty tumors are insensitive to the effects of highly active x-ray radiation (radiation therapy) and the use of cytostatic agents (chemotherapy).

“We did an MRI of the brain and found a 6x4 mm lipoma. What to do about it, how to treat it?” A typical question from a patient who has read the conclusion of an instrumental study.

Neurologists and neurosurgeons advise you to calm down, because brain lipoma is practically harmless, there are usually no symptoms, and no treatment is required.

If there are no symptoms, treatment is not required. There is no need for radiation exposure or cytostatics - these types of exposure are poorly tolerated by patients.

The doctor only recommends regularly monitoring the progress of the tumor process. This applies to both interhemispheric lipoma (corpus callosum) and lipoma of the interhemispheric fissure of the brain, the treatment of which is completely unnecessary.

Detected formations are subject to therapeutic intervention in exceptional situations. These include life-threatening conditions (occlusive hydrocephalus, compression of cranial nerves, grand mal seizures).

If the examination reveals a large or unfavorably localized brain lipoma, then treatment without surgery is not possible.

The operation is aimed at removing the tumor, if possible, along with the surrounding capsule.

1. Extraction of lipoma along with capsule. Access to the cranial cavity is provided by craniotomy (removal of a section of the cranial bone). The craniotomy opening should be as close as possible to the location of the lipoma. The patient is given general anesthesia during the procedure or only local anesthesia if neurological functions (usually speech) need to be assessed during the operation. The method is indicated for large tumors.
2. Endoscopic treatment. Access is achieved by drilling small holes through which an endoscopic tube with a camera and manipulators are inserted into the cranial cavity. The tumor is examined and removed. Minimally invasiveness has a positive effect on postoperative rehabilitation.
3. Aspiration method. The tumor is punctured, drainage is inserted into it and the contents are removed with suction. However, the lipoma capsule remains, which means that a recurrence of the pathology cannot be ruled out.

When it is not possible to intervene in the area of ​​brain tissue where the tumor is located, treatment is carried out aimed at relieving symptoms and excluding life-threatening conditions. The goals of symptomatic treatment are to reduce excess intracranial pressure and restore blood flow. They mainly practice applying a shunt, i.e. a tube is inserted through which excess cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the ventricles of the brain.

Lipoma does not shorten life expectancy or affect its quality due to its very slight ability to grow. The probability of a favorable outcome does not fall below 80% even when diagnosing a tumor of late stages and large sizes (in case of therapy).

There is no prevention because the exact etiology of the disease has not been developed.

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Possible complications

If you refuse to remove the lipoma, there is a high probability of complications developing. The disease can result in serious mental disorders, cerebral edema, impaired blood microcirculation, and partial or complete loss of auditory and visual functions.

A lipoma inside the skull can cause a stroke. The consequences of this condition are extremely severe and lead to death in 30% of cases.

One of the most dangerous options for the development of lipoma is its malignancy. Degeneration into liposarcoma occurs extremely rarely; such cases are rare in practice.

Survival and prognosis

Due to its benign nature, lipoma has a favorable outcome. Treatment started at an early stage will get rid of the formation with 100% probability. After surgery, a person quickly recovers, returning to his normal life.

At an advanced stage of the disease, damage occurs to nerve cells and their processes. Eliminating the problem will be much more difficult, and many of the consequences may be irreversible.

It is possible to get rid of the tumor in 70-95% of cases. If treatment is refused, the tumor poses a serious threat to the patient's life.

Surgery should be taken seriously. Any manipulation of the brain is dangerous. The professionalism of the neurosurgeon and his experience in this field are of great importance.

If the wen capsule is completely removed, the likelihood of relapse is minimal. Also, to reduce the risk of recurrence of a wen, you should exclude factors that provoke the disease from your life.

Forecast

If we talk about brain tumors in general, lipoma has a more favorable prognosis than others. In some cases, it does not have any negative effect on the body at all. If the tumor tends to grow, then there is a risk of various complications, including life-threatening ones. But this is only if the patient does not take measures to treat it. After complete removal of the lipoma, the patient can expect to return to a full life.

Source: oonkologii.ru

Preventive actions

The true cause of tumor growth is unknown, and a fairly large percentage of affected people have a genetic predisposition. Therefore, there is no specific prevention of brain lipoma.

The likelihood of developing pathology can be reduced by following a proper diet and sufficient physical activity.

As a preventative measure, giving up existing bad habits is of great importance. When the body's protective properties decrease, it is recommended to take multivitamins.

ethnoscience

On the Internet you can find many traditional medicine recipes that help get rid of lipoma. However, most often we are talking about the method of treating the affected area of ​​the skin.

Treatment with folk remedies for brain lipoma can be effective.

Aloe and Kalanchoe juice, golden mustache, garlic and lard, nettle-based tincture, compositions with honey, cinnamon, chestnut, compresses based on onion-soap slurry, ammonia and celandine are effective.

We looked at what it is - a lipoma. Now you know how to treat this disease.

Neurologists and neurosurgeons advise you to calm down, because brain lipoma is practically harmless, there are usually no symptoms, and no treatment is required.