Aseptic (abacterial, toxic-chemical) peritonitis

In aseptic meningitis, the meningitis causes inflammation similar to that of bacterial meningitis. However, unlike bacterial meningitis, aseptic meningitis is usually not life-threatening.

Although still rare, aseptic meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis, but its symptoms are less severe. Most cases of aseptic meningitis resolve within 2 weeks.

Regardless, anyone who thinks they or their child may have aseptic meningitis should seek medical attention as soon as possible to avoid complications and receive treatment if necessary.

What causes the disorder

High workload

Physical and emotional. A person’s involvement in different circles besides studying is good. But you need to know when to stop. Adults should also be able to refuse to work overtime. After all, with every extra hour of overexertion, asthenic neurosis can threaten.

Emotional turmoil

From this point of view, great joy is no better than great grief - both “shatter” the nervous system.

Duration of irritant

Misunderstanding in the team, tension, fear of error or punishment - all factors seem to fall on the person. Doctors also call hormonal disorders, somatic diseases, infections and intoxication as provocateurs. It is believed that the neurasthenic was initially genetically predisposed to the disease. The condition of the mother during pregnancy is also of great importance.

Forms of neurosis

In neurology, there are three forms of the syndrome. They are also stages of the disease.

Hypertensive

This is where asthenic blues begins. A person in this stage is very irritable. He doesn't like everything, and everything makes him nervous. A person loses attention span - cannot concentrate, absent-mindedness appears. With such neurosis, difficulties with sleep appear: waking up often in the middle of the night is the norm for a neurotic person. Gradually, a “neurotic helmet” forms – pain that “embraces” the head.

Irritable weakness

The next step is increased excitability and fatigue. Intolerance to irritating things increases significantly. Sleep becomes even worse, heartburn appears, and appetite disappears. A person may suffer from constipation.

Hyposthenic

The most difficult stage. If the disease is not treated, a pronounced pathological neurosis appears. The patient is greatly bothered by physical pain. He chronically does not get enough sleep and is extremely tired. Melancholy or anxiety becomes a faithful companion.

How can you diagnose

Diagnosis of the syndrome is carried out similarly in children and adults. Only the manifestations that the doctor pays attention to are different.

If symptoms of neurasthenia are detected, you should consult a neurologist.

He will prescribe treatment based on:

1. Patient's complaint. Standard survey procedure.
2. History. Means the study of medical history, living conditions and hereditary tendencies.
3. Inspection. An attempt by the doctor to verify the correspondence of complaints to physical manifestations.
4. Consultations with related specialists. Asthenic neurosis requires complex treatment, so consultation with medical colleagues is necessary.

During the examination, the neurologist may prescribe:

• Computer tomography of the brain;
• X-ray;
• Electroencephalography;

Diagnostics

1. Information after a neurological examination by a specialist, a carefully collected anamnesis and characteristic clinical manifestations allow us to establish pneumococcal meningitis. Its nature will be confirmed by laboratory methods:

2. Bacteriological culture of cerebrospinal fluid obtained after a lumbar puncture;

3.If sepsis is present, a blood culture is performed.

4. There will be a change in the formula in the blood test; For adequate differential diagnosis of the pathogen, special tests are carried out, for example, with optiquine.

Treatment methods

First, the provoking factor is determined, then it is eliminated. Two methods are used together:

Medication

To relieve irritability - daytime tranquilizers, to suppress headaches - muscle relaxants, to activate the brain and general condition - nootropics and vitamins.

Read also:  Relationships. I can’t leave my lover, although sex with my husband suits me. How to stop communication on the side?

Psychotherapeutic

Used to encourage the patient to rethink irritants. Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy are carried out. During the sessions, the specialist helps the patient resolve internal conflict.

The conditions of modern life often require endurance from a person - both physical and moral. Some people manage to cope with various types of stress and not fall into depression.

Unfortunately, not everyone is able to control themselves in. In such cases, against the backdrop of tense circumstances, a person often develops a special disorder - asthenic neurosis.

General characteristics of the disease

They are also prescribed to stimulate mental activity and help improve memory.

To generally strengthen the body and improve metabolism, it is recommended to take vitamins B and C, angioprotectors, and antioxidants.

Psychotherapeutic techniques are also necessary in the process of treating the disorder. The purpose of this method is to encourage the patient to rethink the traumatic factor or situation, to help him take an active life position, to highlight the main and secondary things in his activities.

Psychoanalysis, individual or group psychotherapy, and hypnotherapy sessions (in particular, relaxation) can be used. In addition, the patient, with the help of loved ones, must properly organize the work or educational process, limit the amount of physical activity, and ensure proper nutrition and sleep.

Despite the favorable prognosis, if left untreated, this problem can develop into prolonged depression.

Asthenic children also experience difficulties adapting to society, against which background they can withdraw into themselves. Such a state is especially undesirable for a child during the period of his formation as an individual.

At the same time, you should not think that such a disorder is a death sentence. Timely treatment, carried out under the supervision of a specialist, will help cope with both the disease and its possible consequences.

What is necrosis of the talus and humerus?

With this disease, painful sensations appear in the shoulder joint, its movement is limited, as a result of which the risk of atrophy increases. A rare phenomenon includes an altered structure of the humerus. As the disease progresses, the patient is prescribed surgical intervention, which is called endoprosthetics. In this situation, this is the only way to restore lost functions of the upper limbs.

Necrosis of the talus occurs spontaneously and rapidly progresses. With degenerative changes in the ankle joint, deforming arthrosis develops. Thanks to modern diagnostic methods used in the medical center, it is possible to determine the early stage of changes in the ankle joint. In such a situation, mosaic osteochondroplasty is used, as a result of which the anatomy of the joint is restored.

For prevention purposes

The fundamental factors in the development of asthenic neurosis are emotional and physical exhaustion, therefore measures to prevent this disorder should be aimed at eliminating provoking situations. To do this you need:

Of course, it is impossible to completely protect yourself from the possibility of a traumatic situation, but it is quite possible to strengthen not only the body, but also strengthen mental health.

Neurasthenia (asthenic neurosis) is a pathological condition of the human nervous system that occurs as a result of its exhaustion during prolonged mental or physical overload. The appearance of pathology may be preceded by long-term chronic diseases or exposure to toxic substances. The pathology can be treated depending on the type of disease.

How does necrosis manifest itself?

If we talk about the first symptoms of necrosis, they are presented in the form of numbness and lack of sensitivity. In such a situation, you must immediately visit an experienced and qualified doctor at a medical center. In addition, the skin becomes pale. This happens because blood circulation is impaired. Over time, the skin will acquire a bluish tint, then turn black or dark green. In the presence of necrosis in the lower extremity, a person notices rapid fatigue while walking, a feeling of coldness, cramps appear, as well as lameness, as a result of which non-healing trophic ulcers will form, which will necrotize over time.

Due to the fact that the respiratory and central nervous systems, kidneys, and liver cease to function normally, blood circulation is disrupted, and a person’s general condition of the entire body deteriorates. In addition, the immune system decreases, as concomitant blood diseases, anemia appear, and metabolic processes are disrupted, the body is depleted, hypovitaminosis and fatigue are observed.

What is neurasthenia

Neurasthenia is a neurosis characterized by a combination of increased excitability with irritable weakness, increased exhaustion, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Neurasthenia develops as a result of prolonged exposure to physical overload (for example, stressful work), frequent stressful situations, protracted conflicts or personal tragedies. You can also identify factors that may favor the occurrence of neurasthenia - these are somatic diseases and chronic intoxication.

Asthenic neurosis is registered in students, businessmen, programmers and other people whose activities are associated with active brain function.

Who is a neurasthenic

A neurasthenic is a person suffering from neurasthenia. It comes in two types:

1. The first to suffer are mainly the working-age population in the age range from 20 to 45-50 years. This type of neurasthenics “appears” due to excessive fatigue at work (both mental and physical). Professionals call this condition “exhaustion neurosis.”
2. The second type of neurasthenia is reactive. The reason for its occurrence is some kind of trauma: the death of a relative, the dissolution of a love relationship, the divorce of parents, etc. Both a child and an adult can become neurasthenic in this situation.

Causes

In the emergence of neurasthenic disorders, a whole list of reasons of all kinds is of great importance. Among them, for example, exposure to toxic substances, vitamin deficiency, immune disorders, oncological processes, etc.

Often the disease occurs against the background of metabolic disorders. However, the main reasons are hidden in the incorrect placement and overestimation of the capabilities of the human psyche.

Neurasthenia is a fairly common pathology, the disease occurs in 1.2-5% of people.

With neurasthenia, a person pays for the rhythm of modern life and the demands of society. A person’s psyche is influenced by the lifestyle he leads, his work, and communication with others. And vice versa, how a person will exist in the world around him largely depends on the psyche.

Most often, this disorder affects women, as well as young people starting an independent life. Untrained people who do not tolerate stress well are predisposed to the occurrence of this disease. And also persons with an asthenic constitution - thin people with a poorly developed muscular system, thin bones and a narrow chest.

What is aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

The head of the femur is considered a problem area where there is an increased risk of arterial blockage and cumulative damage caused by overload and household injuries. The presence of various pathological processes can provoke aseptic necrosis of the thigh.

The main reasons include long-term use of hormonal drugs and antibacterial agents. And also, if a person abuses alcohol, he is often in a stressful state. The provoking factor may be the presence of congenital hip dislocation, osteopenia, osteoporosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis.

The majority of cases have a disappointing orthopedic prognosis and the presence of severe deforming arthrosis. In such a situation, the patient is prescribed endoprosthetics, joint arthrodesis or corrective osteotomy. If magnetic resonance imaging is performed in a timely manner, the disease can be detected at an early stage, which can be treated using conservative methods.

Forms and stages of development of the disease

There are a number of successive stages of development, according to which three clinical forms of neurasthenia are distinguished.

Pneumococcal meningitis - what is it?

Pneumococcal meningitis refers to purulent meningitis, and infection occurs with the pneumococcal bacteria Streptococcus pneumonie, through transmission from a sick person or carrier to another person. Entering directly through the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, or from the site of initial localization of pneumococcal infection, the pathogenic bacterium causes inflammation of the meninges.

Important! Pneumococcal meningitis is the second most frequently diagnosed type of meningitis in patients, the first being meningococcal. It is characterized by a high percentage of deaths, reaching 100% in the absence of antibiotic therapy, a severe course of the disease itself, and a high probability of complications, including disability.

Symptoms of neurasthenia

The clinical picture of neurasthenia is characterized by general neurotic disorders, headaches, and various vegetative-visceral signs.

The main symptoms and signs of neurasthenia:

1. A characteristic feeling is a feeling of pressure on the head, as if the head is being squeezed by a heavy helmet (“neurasthenic helmet”).
2. The second complaint of patients with neurasthenia is dizziness, which consists of a feeling of rotation in the head, but is not accompanied by a feeling of rotation of surrounding objects. Most often it occurs during strong excitement, physical exertion, weather changes, etc.
3. Symptoms associated with cardiovascular disorders are typical: increased heart rate (tachycardia), palpitations, pressing or stabbing pain in the heart area, redness or paleness of the skin. They can appear at the slightest excitement of the patient, even during a lively conversation.
4. The most important sign of neurasthenia is decreased performance. Typically, during work, patients quickly develop a feeling of fatigue, weakness, and decreased attention, and therefore productivity decreases.
5. Sleep disturbance is one of the main symptoms of neurasthenia: the patient has difficulty falling asleep, often wakes up, and sleep is short. After sleep, the patient does not feel rested and feels exhausted. Increased drowsiness is possible. Due to absent-mindedness and instability of attention, the memorization process becomes difficult, and patients often complain of weakened memory.
6. Anxiety, fears - the soul is tormented by various fears, doubts, anxiety at the slightest reason.
7. Low self-esteem - a person perceives himself as a loser, a nonentity, a weak personality... He often finds himself with a lot of physical diseases and endlessly undergoes examinations by therapists.
8. Impatience - all ability to wait and restrain oneself is lost.

Neurasthenia should be considered as a psychogenic disease, which is characterized by various variations in its course. It can occur in the form of a neurotic reaction and last for several months, or in a protracted form, often lasting for many years.

The duration of the disease in each individual case is determined by the relationship of several factors, such as features of the clinical picture, characteristic personality traits, concomitant physical diseases, features of the pathogenic situation, etc.

What are the signs of neurasthenia in women?

Neurasthenia in women is a fairly common phenomenon today. Sexual neurasthenia, the symptoms of which are loss of mental and physical performance, irritability, is also characterized by problems in the intimate sphere. In women, as a rule, this is a decrease or complete loss of libido, low self-esteem and other changes in the nervous system.

It is worth noting that the signs of neurasthenia in women are not uniform, and therefore it is quite difficult to identify the main ones. If we consider the symptoms of the disease, then the first thing you need to pay attention to is the person’s mental state. Often in this case it is observed:

• quick change of mood,
• lack of joy
• women with neurasthenia always don’t like something,
• everything is indifferent
• I don't want to do anything.

What is necrosis of the hip and knee joints

The hip joint includes the acetabulum and the head of the femur. The hip joint is the largest ball-and-socket joint in the human body. It is supplied by a single artery passing through the neck of the femur.

If blood circulation is disrupted, the blood supply to the area will be disrupted, and oxygen and nutrients will not be supplied, and bone tissue will lose its properties. The recovery process will become impossible, osteoarthritis will appear, which is accompanied by severe pain.

After some time, necrosis of the hip joint develops. In such a situation, the patient needs to replace the damaged joint. For this, an artificial analogue is used. The procedure is called endoprosthetics, when motor activity is completely restored.

Destructive processes in the knee joint occur as a result of injury and loss of blood supply. The joints lose their functions, and the person may become disabled. With aseptic necrosis of the knee joint, a person experiences severe pain and observes that the motor ability of the knee has decreased. Magnetic resonance imaging and bone scanning can detect early changes, thereby preventing further bone loss.

Using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can get rid of pain and reduce inflammation. If a person is indicated for surgery, a bone transplant will be performed.

Signs of neurasthenia in men that you should pay attention to

In men, the signs of neurasthenia are more associated not with the psychological, but with the functional aspect. These include increased irritability, weakness and constant aching pain in the muscle area. According to medical statistics, it is men who often develop the second form of the disease, which is chronic in nature. Cholerics and those who actively engage in sports are more susceptible to this.

In men, the disease manifests itself as follows:

• inability to concentrate on something for more than 5-10 minutes;
• increased physical and psychological fatigue;
• frequent and prolonged headaches;
• signs of nervous weakness;
• the man experiences difficulties with the simplest, at first glance, logical operations.

Treatment of people with neurasthenia

It is difficult to describe how to treat neurasthenia, since the disease manifests itself individually in each patient. Today, various methods can be used, such as medications, traditional recipes, water treatments, yoga, acupuncture, etc. However, they relieve symptoms only for a short period of time.

First of all, you need to find out the reason that caused the neurosis and, if possible, neutralize it. An important condition for a favorable cure for neurasthenia is a change in lifestyle, which consists of eliminating the unfavorable factors that cause or provoke neurasthenia. Such factors, for example, include:

1. nervous work
2. chronic lack of sleep,
3. excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Often it is precisely because people are unwilling to change their lifestyle that neurasthenia cannot be cured. And this result will not depend on the chosen treatment method.

For all forms of neurasthenia, Sonapax can be prescribed. In small doses, it acts as an antidepressant and has a stimulating effect on the nervous system, therefore it is used in the hyposthenic form. In large doses it exhibits a sedative effect, which makes it possible to use it in the treatment of the hypersthenic form.

In practice, former neurasthenic patients note that changing traditional behavior and giving up bad habits helps to get rid of asthenic neurosis. Pay attention to nervous work, alcohol use and chronic lack of sleep. Eliminate negative factors to alleviate the condition.

Try to look at life not with your eyes, but with your mind. If you carefully understand the reasons for the occurrence of certain negative reactions, you can get rid of the disease yourself.

By the way, you shouldn’t be shy about a psychotherapist. Neurasthenia is a reality of modern life. At school and institutes they are not taught to live in conditions of increased mental and physical activity. The rhythm of life is constantly accelerating and you need to react calmly to it.

Aseptic (abacterial, toxic-chemical) peritonitis

Adhesive disease with pain in the abdominal cavity Read more: Stage - initial. Its duration ranges from several hours to a day or more. K. S. Simonyan calls it reactive

2. Aseptic (abacterial, toxic-chemical) peritonitis

- exposure to aggressive non-infectious agents on the peritoneum: blood, bile, gastric juice, chylous fluid, pancreatic juice, urine

— aseptic necrosis of internal organs

3. Special forms of peritonitis:

— Carcinomatous (at advanced stages of tumors of the abdominal organs)

— Parasitic

— Rheumatoid

— Granulomatous (as a result of drying of the peritoneal surface during surgery, exposure to talc from the surgeon’s gloves, dressing threads or particles of suture material).

Classification of peritonitis

According to the clinical course, acute and chronic peritonitis are distinguished. The latter in the vast majority of cases is of a specific nature: tuberculous, parasitic, cancrosis ascites-peritonitis, etc. In practical surgery, one most often encounters acute peritonitis as a manifestation of a suppurative process in the abdominal cavity. In this regard, according to the nature of the exudate and effusion, serous, fibrinous, serous-fibrinous, purulent, fibrinous-purulent, putrefactive, hemorrhagic, dry are distinguished; Pure purulent peritonitis is more common. Based on their origin, peritonitis is divided into primary and secondary. In most cases, peritonitis is not an independent disease, but a complication of inflammatory diseases or damage to the abdominal organs. According to our data, about 20% of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs are complicated by peritonitis.

Sources of peritonitis are:

1. Vermiform appendix (30-65%) - appendicitis: perforated, phlegmonous, gangrenous;

2. Stomach and duodenum (7-14%) - perforated ulcer, perforation of cancer, gastric phlegmon, foreign bodies, etc.;

3. Female genital organs (3 - 12%) - salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, pyosalpinx, rupture of ovarian cysts, gonorrhea, tuberculosis;

4. Intestines (3 - 5%) - obstruction, strangulated hernia, thrombosis of mesenteric vessels, perforation of typhoid ulcers, perforation of ulcers due to colitis, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, diverticula;

5. Gallbladder (10 - 12%) - cholecystitis: gangrenous, perforated, phlegmonous, sweaty biliary peritonitis without perforation;

6. Pancreas (1%) - pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis.

7. Postoperative peritonitis accounts for 1% of all peritonitis. Rarely occurring peritonitis occurs with abscesses of the liver and spleen, cystitis, suppuration of chylous ascites, breakthrough paranephritis, pleurisy, some urological diseases and others.

In some cases, the root cause of peritonitis cannot be determined even at autopsy; such peritonitis is called cryptogenic.

It is generally accepted to divide peritonitis according to the prevalence of the inflammatory process, since the severity of the disease depends on this. Based on the generally accepted division of the abdominal cavity into nine anatomical regions (hypochondrium, epigastrium, mesogastrium, hypogastrium, umbilical, pubic, etc.), widespread and local forms of the disease are distinguished. Peritonitis is considered:

- local, if it is localized in no more than two of the nine anatomical regions of the abdominal cavity,

- in all other cases, peritonitis is designated as widespread.

- in turn, among local peritonitis there are:

- unlimited and limited forms. In the latter case, we are talking about abdominal abscesses. Common peritonitis is divided into diffuse (the inflammatory process occupies from two to five anatomical areas) and diffuse (more than five anatomical areas).

During acute purulent peritonitis, several stages (phases) are distinguished. The classification of peritonitis by phases (stages), proposed by I. I. Grekov (1952), was based on the time factor:

— early stage — up to 12 hours,

– late – 3 – 5 days

- final - 6 - 21 days from the moment of illness.

However, in practical work there is a significant difference in the dynamics of the pathological process depending on the individual characteristics of the organism, the causes and conditions for the development of peritonitis.

The identification of stages (phases) of peritonitis depending on mobilization, inhibition of protective mechanisms, and the presence or absence of intestinal paralysis seems overly general, precluding the possibility of developing sufficiently convincing clinical criteria.

The most appropriate classification of peritonitis is considered to be separating reactive, toxic and terminal phases (Simonyan K. S., 1971). The advantage of this classification is the desire to link the severity of clinical manifestations with the pathogenetic mechanisms of peritonitis.

Characteristics of the stages of the disease of acute purulent peritonitis are as follows:

1. reactive (first 24 hours) - the stage of maximum local manifestations and less pronounced general manifestations;

2. toxic (24 - 72 hours) - the stage of subsidence of local manifestations and the prevalence of general reactions typical of intoxication;

3. terminal (over 72 hours) - the stage of deep intoxication on the verge of reversibility.

Experimental and clinical data of many authors, including the results of studies carried out by I. A. Eryukhin et al., have led to the belief that the pathogenetic essence of the transition from the reactive phase of peritonitis to the toxic phase consists in breaking through the biological barriers that inhibit endogenous intoxication (including primarily include the liver, peritoneum, and intestinal wall), the transition to the terminal phase of peritonitis is determined by the depletion of protective and compensatory mechanisms.

Pathogenesis

Peritonitis, regardless of the cause that caused it, in the vast majority of cases is a typical bacterial inflammation. The most common causative agents of purulent peritonitis are Escherichia coli (65%) and pathogenic cocci (30%). In modern conditions, there is also a significant activation of opportunistic flora involved in the suppurative process in the abdominal cavity: nonobligate anaerobes, bacteroids, etc. Often the occurrence of peritonitis is caused by several bacterial pathogens at the same time; similar associations are observed in 35% of patients.

In the pathogenesis of peritonitis, the main role belongs to intoxication. It is estimated that the human peritoneum is approximately equal in area to the skin. Therefore, the suppurative process developing in the abdominal cavity quickly leads to a flood of the body with toxins of both bacterial and non-bacterial (endogenous) origin, capable of selectively and in various combinations causing a sharp immunological restructuring of the body, which is called stress in the literature.

In the initial stage of peritonitis, persistent intestinal paresis, hyperemia of the peritoneum, its swelling and the beginning of exudation into the abdominal cavity through stretched endothelial cells of blood vessels are observed. Subsequently, with inflammation of the peritoneum, hemodynamic disorders are observed in the form of portal congestion with decreased arterialization and liver hypoxia. Hypoxia is followed by a drop in the protein-forming function of the organ: first, the level of protein decreases sharply, and then its synthesis (production) and resynthesis (splitting) are disrupted. The deamination and urea-forming functions of the liver decrease. The content of ammonium and glycol in the blood increases. The glycogen supply in the liver disappears. Later, the assimilation (use) of monosaccharides by the organ and the synthesis of glycogen are disrupted. Initial hypoglycemia (decreased glycogen) is followed by hyperglycemia (increased glycogen). Dehydration of the body develops with a disorder of electrolyte metabolism and a drop in chloride content. In the adrenal glands, a change in cells occurs with pronounced necrobiosis of the cortical layer and its depletion of chromaffin substance. Blood stagnation and hyperemia develop in the vessels of the lungs, mainly due to weakness of the heart muscle and numerous hypostases; in the lungs - edema. Often they contain metastatic abscesses. Severe changes occur in the nervous system in the form of degeneration of nerve ganglion cells of varying degrees. This leads to paresis, and then paralysis of the smooth muscle fibers of the intestine. First, hypokalemia develops and, as a consequence, adynamia; later hyperkalemia occurs (corresponding to the stages of development of peritonitis).

In severe forms of peritonitis, the ventricles of the heart are dilated, there is swelling of the heart muscle cells, as well as their fatty degeneration and edema. The kidneys appear swollen. Exudate with a large amount of protein is found under their capsule. The cells of the renal tubules are swollen, with fatty and granular degeneration. In some renal tubules, accumulation of protein substances, as well as hyaline and granular casts, are observed.

Brain cells swell and the amount of cerebrospinal fluid increases. The vessels of the brain and its membranes are dilated.

Thus, inflammation of the peritoneum leads to general intoxication of the body, the essence of which lies in the disruption of water, electrolyte, carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism. Protein starvation sets in. Protein metabolism and liver functions are disrupted - accumulation of intermediate metabolic products, non-neutralized biogenic amines such as ammonia and histamine.

Clinic of diffuse purulent peritonitis

Clinical manifestations of peritonitis are varied and depend on the stage of the process.

Adhesive disease with pain in the abdominal cavity Read more: Stage - initial. Its duration ranges from several hours to a day or more. K. S. Simonyan calls it reactive

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Complications

Complications of neurasthenic syndrome can occur in the absence of treatment, or in cases where treatment is carried out, but the cause that provoked the disease remains.

• Loss of the ability to adapt socially - a persistent internal feeling of discomfort blocks the establishment of social connections; a person loses the need to communicate with other people.
• Depressive state is a gradually developing extreme degree of decreased emotional mood.

The main point of preventive measures can be considered adherence to a well-thought-out daily routine, with a clear delineation of time for work, rest and sleep. Any potential patient must determine for himself the most suitable relaxation techniques that he can use in case of nervous or physical stress - this could be swimming, massage and relaxation procedures, yoga or breathing exercises, etc.

Under no circumstances use alcohol or other harmful substances as relaxation.

In conclusion, we will describe some important principles that a person must follow in order to get rid of neurasthenia:

1. Avoid overexertion;
2. Observe the work and rest schedule;
3. A change of activity should completely “disconnect” from work;
4. Rest and be outdoors more often.

This is all about neurasthenia in women and men: what kind of disease it is, what are its causes, signs and symptoms, methods of treatment, is treatment possible at home. Be healthy!

Asthenic neurosis is a psychoneurological condition caused by prolonged emotional stress or intellectual or physical overstrain. It manifests itself both in the mental sphere and in the form of somatic (physical) disorders. It has several stages of development, the nature of which is sometimes opposite. A person can have both increased excitability and be indifferent, but at different stages of the development of neurasthenia.

Varieties

Given the changes that occur in the tissue, there are some forms of necrosis. Namely:

• The cause of coagulation or dry necrosis is the folding, compaction, drying of tissue protein, which then becomes a curdled mass. This is the result of the fact that blood has stopped flowing and moisture has evaporated. Areas of tissue become dry, brittle, and also acquire a dark brown or yellowish gray tint with clear demarcation lines. In the place where the dead tissue was rejected, ulcers will appear, a purulent process will develop, and an abscess will form. The localization of dry necrosis is the spleen, kidneys, and umbilical cord stump in a newborn child.
• With colliculative or wet necrosis, swelling, softening and liquefaction of dead tissue occurs, and a mass with a gray tint is formed and a putrid odor appears.

There are some types of necrosis

1. If the blood supply to a tissue or organ suddenly stops, a heart attack occurs. The term ischemic necrosis refers to the death of any part of a vital organ (brain, heart, intestines, lungs, kidneys, spleen). If the infarction is small, autolytic melting or resorption is observed, followed by tissue restoration. A heart attack can result in impaired tissue functioning, various complications, and even death.

2. If necrosis of a section of bone tissue occurs, the localization of which is the sequestral cavity, this is called sequestration. In such a situation, this area will separate from healthy tissue. The reason for this is a purulent process.

3. Death of the skin, mucous surface, and muscle tissue is called gangrene. The cause of gangrene is tissue necrosis.

4. The presence of bedsores is observed in a person who is completely immobilized. This is explained by prolonged compression of the tissue and damage to the skin. As a result, deep purulent ulcers form.

Symptoms of neurasthenia

One of the common problems of psychoneurology is asthenic neurosis, the symptoms of which include the following psychological and somatic manifestations:

• Increased irritability and anxiety.
• with fainting, hormonal disorders (menstrual irregularities in women, impotence in men).
• Stomach pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting.
• Frequent urination or retention.
• Increase or decrease in body weight, the appearance of edema.
• , neuralgia of various localizations.
• With prolonged nervous exhaustion - complete indifference, absent-mindedness.

Manifestations of mental asthenia are varied and develop in stages if the action of neuroticizing factors continues. First, a person under prolonged emotional stress becomes psychologically labile and reacts inadequately to any stimulus. There may be involuntary nervous tics of the face and body, repeated stereotypical movements - twitching of the leg, knocking with the pen.

Somatization of psychological stress can manifest itself in high blood pressure, fainting, gastrointestinal disorders (inflammation of the gastric mucosa and pain, spasms of the gallbladder). Panic attacks with increased sweating and frequent urination may also occur.

The muscles of the head and body in a person at the initial stage of neurotic asthenia are usually tense. Such patients often experience tensor headaches caused by tension in the facial muscles. Sometimes migraines develop in the presence of irritants in the form of strong smells and sounds.

Weight gain or loss is possible with nervous exhaustion. The hormone cortisol is involved in this. It can promote both the accumulation of fat in cells and its mobilization from fat depots for energy needs. Chronically high levels of cortisol lead to increased cholesterol in the blood, insomnia, and disruption of entire body systems. The body's overall resistance to stress factors decreases, and neurasthenics are more likely to suffer from colds.

Important! Under the influence of one's own steroid hormones, produced in excessive quantities, absent-mindedness and a decrease in cognitive abilities - memory and attention - occur.

Psychological symptoms, such as increased anxiety, irritability, dissatisfaction, interfere with a patient with asthenoneurosis in his career, as well as in the social sphere. Neurasthenia leads to an increase in conflict situations at work, and sometimes to legal violations.

In the stage of indifference, the body’s compensatory capabilities decrease. In this case, a patient with neurasthenia may lose motivation for any activity. Suicidal tendencies are on the rise.

With prolonged stress, the function of the adrenal glands and other endocrine glands is depleted. The development of hypofunction of the thyroid gland is possible, as the consumption of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, increases.

In conditions of dopamine deficiency, the synthesis of prolactin increases, which, along with cortisol, is responsible for weight gain and hair loss. This hormone can cause menstrual irregularities in women, and even infertility at high levels, as the secretion of gonadotropins is reduced. In men, neurasthenic disorder sometimes leads to impotence, both psychogenic and hormonal.

Causes of neurasthenia

Factors provoking the development of asthenoneurotic syndrome can be for different reasons. The source of nervous exhaustion can be financial problems, family discord, loss of a job and difficulties in finding one.

When treated with glucocorticoids, it may manifest as increased irritability, intolerance to people and weight gain due to edema and fat. Excessive consumption of glutamic acid as part of taste enhancers is one of the reasons for the development of increased irritability.

Errors in nutrition and lack of nutrients and vitamins also affect a person’s psychological state. With a lack of complete protein, there is a deficiency of such important amino acids as tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine. Lack of magnesium, potassium, calcium, and B vitamins leads to increased irritability.

Treatment

When doctors encounter asthenic neurosis, complex treatment is prescribed. Therapy for neurasthenia is aimed at relaxation through massage, acupuncture (acupuncture), and psychotherapy. If possible, the patient is offered spa treatment including balneotherapy.

ASMR is a new type of therapy for psychoneurological disorders that helps relax muscles and calm the irritated nervous system. Autonomic sensory meridian therapy involves listening to sounds such as human whispers (usually a woman's). This causes relaxation and pleasant sensations in the head and body.

In case of asthenic neurosis, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient’s nutrition, especially to monitor the intake of amino acids such as tryptophan. From it the body produces the most important regulators - melatonin and serotonin. The first ensures normal sleep, the second - a good mood. It is recommended to limit the intake of glutamic acid, which has a stimulating effect on the nervous system. Table salt aggravates the swelling that occurs with asthenic neurosis.

To relieve muscle spasms and tension headaches, muscle relaxants are used - Sirdalud. Triptans, derivatives of ergot alkaloids, are used for migraines. To reduce the excessive activity of the glutamatergic system, aminoacetic acid – glycine – is used.

Asthenoneurotic syndrome is a signal of the need for radical changes in life and a reassessment of values. Working with a psychologist or psychotherapist will help you find out the root of the problems or change your attitude towards them by looking at them from a different angle.

Epidemiology

The peak of the disease occurs at the end of summer. People of all ages are susceptible to this meningitis, but statistically it most often affects people under 30 years of age. The cause of the disease is most often the Coxsackie and ECHO viruses. Such viruses are called enteroviruses. But the variety that occurs when the mumps virus enters the body is most often observed in winter and late spring. The disease can be caused by both the Epstein-Bar virus and cytomegalovirus.

The disease itself occurs upon contact with a pathogen or even through airborne infection. The virus enters the meninges through the blood or lymphatic tract.