What is fainting? This is how the body sends a signal that the brain is not getting enough oxygen and blood. Having lost consciousness, the person falls to the ground and passes out. First aid for fainting will help quickly normalize your well-being.
First aid for fainting. Photo: nur.kz.
First aid for fainting: what to do
Fainting in itself is not dangerous to the body. My colleagues described the main causes of this condition. Here are the warning signs of loss of consciousness:
- pallor;
- dizziness;
- darkening of the eyes;
- nausea;
- tinnitus;
- general weakness.
The actions to take when a victim faints are obvious: the person will lose consciousness and fall to the ground. But things don't always end smoothly. When falling, injuries and neurological disorders occur (if the cause is hungry fainting).
You cannot negotiate with consciousness, it needs to be educated and trained
If your little animal likes it, then it will still play with your slipper, right? Well, it's a little animal. So we can’t negotiate here either. But you can educate and train. I punished the little animal once or twice for not touching the slippers - well, she won’t touch it. Where will she go? So it is here. The attention that your consciousness receives is important for it, but it is also important for you as a Personality.
If you spend it not in the spiritual, not in building up Love, not in creation, but in processes, say, empty stays in some unnecessary bustle - well, it’s the same as wasting the finances that were allocated to you from paycheck to paycheck, on some kind of stupidity. A simple example is this, right? She received her salary, went to the store, picked up food not for her body and not some clothes for herself, but picked up food for the animals. She came out and immediately fed them. Well, it’s logical, no?
Tatyana: It’s not logical at all.
Igor Mikhailovich: And then you try to survive for a month. Well, okay, I somehow survived the month. But if you do the same thing next month, then, sorry, you won’t last long. Isn't that right?
First aid for fainting: what not to do
Above I described what to do if a person faints. Next, we will consider a number of actions that it is better not to resort to. How dangerous is loss of consciousness? First aid will help identify heart problems. If nothing is done, death is possible!
Syncope also indicates a stroke, hemorrhage, internal blood loss (with a stomach ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver, ectopic pregnancy, rupture of the spleen), diabetes mellitus and other diseases.
Providing assistance in case of fainting is accompanied by actions that should not be taken:
- Move the victim once again if injuries are suspected;
- put something under your head;
- apply too much ammonia or vinegar to your nose;
- putting medications in the mouth of an unconscious person.
In a coma, a person’s consciousness does not die, so one must fight for it to the end
May 18, 2006 / https://www.newsru.com
If a person is in a coma, a constant state of unconsciousness, this does not mean that he does not feel anything. German scientists from the University of Oldenburg came to this conclusion. A person’s consciousness, even in a coma, continues to work on a different level. Therefore, patients need the help and attention of loved ones even when it seems that the person cannot see or hear it. Despite all the assumptions of resuscitation doctors that a patient in a coma does not perceive what is happening around him, it turned out that he is able to sense and sense, writes the German newspaper Spiegel (full text of the article on the website Inopressa.ru). For example, a young man who survived a serious motorcycle accident ended up in a coma as a result of his traumatic brain injury. But at the same time, in an amazing way, he continued to react to the appearance of his girlfriend. Every time she entered the room, the patient’s heart began to beat faster. And for this there was no need for a hug, or a greeting, or a kiss. Later, she was the first to feed the patient. The question arose: what exactly do people in a coma feel and perceive? “Coma patients have the ability to react internally to stimuli even before external changes in behavior become apparent,” says Andreas Zieger from the Evangelical Hospital in Oldenburg. “As long as a person is alive, he perceives something and is connected with the world around him through sensations and movements,” says Zieger. “He’s even able to give signals.” This reaction, barely noticeable to others, is visible if you record brain waves. “Such reactions are best seen when close relatives are near the patient, as well as during special stimulation,” explains the neurosurgeon. If such reactions are present, then the likelihood that the patient will cope with a coma increases. “It has been scientifically proven that such patients respond to tactile and other stimuli, the brain processes the information received and the body responds to them with a rapid heartbeat,” says Zieger. And along with changes in the heart rate, the depth of breathing, blood pressure, and body tension also change, which, in turn, gives hope for a quick exit from the coma. It has long been known that relatives and friends of such patients should not lose faith and leave them alone. However, there is still no complete information about how a person feels. However, what is clear is that a person is not at all so unconscious in this state. Thomas Kammerer, a priest at the University Hospital of Munich, sees the problem this way: “From our point of view, coma is not a passive state of a person. Consciousness is in an active state, and he himself lives life on the border with death,” says Kammerer. Like a number of doctors, he proceeds from the fact that this condition is a defense mechanism that allows a person to survive the borderline state between life and death. This is a pure hypothesis, but brain studies provide reliable data: deep coma is similar to dreamless sleep and is a kind of emergency program when the body needs to save vital energy. The body stops responding to the debilitating pain, but the brain continues to monitor reflexes - swallowing, eyelid movements, breathing. Brain activity can be monitored using an electroencephalogram. Such information is another argument in favor of those who oppose medical non-intervention as a way of ending life for seemingly hopeless patients. The ethical dilemma - whether it is possible and necessary to disconnect hopeless patients from life-sustaining machines - becomes more and more relevant with each new research breakthrough in this area. Statistics show that the chances of waking up decrease with every day you stay in a coma. However, today doctors are reluctant to disconnect patients from life support machines, even if there is an appropriate document confirming the patient’s will. By the way, as for doctors, experience shows that they also should not forget that unconscious patients feel and hear a lot. Research conducted at the University of Tübingen showed that every fourth patient in a coma or under anesthesia even reacts to words spoken near them. Neurosurgeon Zieger describes a case in which a fairly obese man, under anesthesia on the operating table, heard more during the operation than the doctors would like. “During the operation, the doctors exchanged jokes about the patient’s “pork belly.” The operation lasted several hours. Immediately after waking up from anesthesia, the patient began to be indignant, saying that his stomach did not look like a pig’s at all,” says Ziger. The seriously ill patient was very upset, and it was not immediately possible to calm him down. Therefore, Zieger believes, we need to choose our words more carefully at the bedside of a patient in a coma. “Insulting statements and negative predictions at the patient’s bedside,” says the neurosurgeon, “can affect his health and leave a deep imprint in the subconscious.”
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Disorders of consciousness
A disorder of consciousness is a violation of the mental processes that make up the content of consciousness (perception, orientation, information processing, memory). Disorders of consciousness are detected in traumatic and non-traumatic brain injuries, mental illnesses, intoxications, severe somatic and infectious diseases.
Severity can vary from minor disturbances to complete loss of consciousness. Treatment tactics and prognosis are determined by the underlying pathology and severity of disorders of consciousness. Depending on the cause of development, diagnosis and treatment are carried out by specialists in the field of psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, therapy and other fields of medicine.
Disorders of consciousness arise due to disruptions in the normal functioning of the central nervous system.
The cause of the disorder may be direct damage to brain tissue as a result of trauma or indirect damage due to compression by an intracranial hematoma, aneurysm, malignant or benign tumor.
In addition, disorders of consciousness develop with schizophrenia, epilepsy and some other mental illnesses, with alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse.
Finally, disorders of consciousness can be provoked by severe somatic diseases, accompanied by endogenous intoxication and dysfunction of vital organs.
The severity and ease of occurrence of disorders of consciousness are determined not only by the underlying pathology, but also by the general condition of the patient.
With physical and mental exhaustion, such disorders can be observed even with minor stress (for example, due to the need to concentrate on performing some actions).
All disorders of consciousness are divided into two large groups: qualitative and quantitative.
The group of qualitative disorders includes amentia, oneiroid, delirium, twilight disorders of consciousness, double orientation, ambulatory automatism, fugue and trance. The group of quantitative disorders includes stupor, stupor and coma.
When making a diagnosis, the Russian Ministry of Health recommends distinguishing between two types of stun (moderate and deep) and three types of coma (moderate, deep and terminal).
When consciousness is impaired, the processes of perception, thinking, memory and orientation suffer. The perception of the environment, time and one’s own personality becomes fragmented, “blurred” or completely impossible. Initially, with disorders of consciousness, orientation in time is disturbed.
The last to be lost and the first to be restored is orientation in one’s own personality.
The degree of disorientation can vary significantly depending on the type of disorder of consciousness - from mild difficulties when trying to communicate the time and date to the inability to determine at least some landmarks.
The ability to comprehend external events and internal sensations is reduced, lost or distorted. Thinking is absent or becomes incoherent.
A patient with a disorder of consciousness partially or completely loses the ability to fix his attention on certain objects and phenomena, to remember and subsequently reproduce information relating to both ongoing events and internal experiences. After recovery, complete or partial amnesia is observed.
When determining the type and severity of disorders of consciousness, the presence or absence of all signs is taken into account, however, one or two symptoms may be sufficient to make a diagnosis.
The clinical picture of a disorder of consciousness in each specific case is determined by the severity of the underlying pathological process, the localization of the area of damage to brain tissue, the age of the patient and some other factors.
Quantitative disorders of consciousness
Moderate stun
accompanied by a mild disturbance of orientation in time. Orientation in place and self is usually not impaired.
Some drowsiness, lethargy, lethargy, deterioration in concentration and comprehension of information are revealed. A patient with a disorder of consciousness follows instructions slowly, belatedly.
The ability to communicate productively is preserved, but understanding often occurs only after instructions are repeated.
Deep Stun
– a disorder of consciousness with a violation of orientation in place and time while maintaining orientation in one’s own personality. Severe drowsiness is detected. Contact is difficult, the patient understands only simple phrases and only after several repetitions.
Detailed answers are not possible; the patient answers in monosyllables (“yes”, “no”). A patient with this disorder of consciousness can follow simple instructions (turn his head, raise his leg), but reacts late, sometimes after several repetitions of the request.
There is a weakening of control over the functions of the pelvic organs.
Sopor
– severe disorder of consciousness with loss of voluntary activity.
Productive contact is impossible, the patient does not respond to changes in the environment and to the speech of other people. Reflex activity is preserved. A patient with a disorder of consciousness changes his facial expression and withdraws a limb when exposed to pain.
Deep reflexes are depressed, muscle tone is reduced. Control over the functions of the pelvic organs is lost in this disorder of consciousness. Short-term recovery from stupor is possible with intense stimulation (pushes, pinching, painful effects).
Moderate coma
– complete loss of consciousness combined with lack of response to external stimuli. With intense pain, flexion and extension of the limbs or tonic convulsions are possible. Sometimes psychomotor agitation is observed.
With this disorder of consciousness, depression of abdominal reflexes, impaired swallowing, positive pathological foot reflexes and reflexes of oral automatism are detected. Control over the functions of the pelvic organs is lost.
There are disturbances in the functioning of internal organs (increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, hyperthermia), which do not threaten the patient’s life.
Deep coma
manifests itself with the same symptoms as moderate. A distinctive feature of this disorder of consciousness is the absence of motor reactions in response to painful stimuli.
Changes in muscle tone are very variable - from a total decrease to spontaneous tonic spasms. Unevenness of pupillary, corneal, tendon and skin reflexes is revealed. The disorder of consciousness is accompanied by a gross violation of autonomic reactions.
There is a decrease in blood pressure, respiratory distress and heart rate.
Terminal coma
manifested by the absence of reflexes, loss of muscle tone and gross disturbances in the functioning of vital organs. The pupils are dilated, the eyeballs are motionless.
With this disorder of consciousness, autonomic disorders become even more pronounced.
There is a critical decrease in blood pressure, a sharp increase in heart rate, periodic breathing or absence of spontaneous breathing.
