Conformism: its manifestations and features

Conformity

- a change in a person’s behavior or opinion under the influence of real or imagined pressure from another person or group of people[1].
conformism
is often used as a synonym (from Late Lat. conformis - “similar”, “conforming”). But the latter in everyday language means opportunism, acquiring a negative connotation, and in politics, conformism is a symbol of conciliation and conciliation[2]. Therefore, in social psychology these two concepts are separated, defining conformity as a purely psychological characteristic of an individual’s position relative to the group’s position, his acceptance or rejection of a certain standard, opinion characteristic of the group, a measure of the individual’s subordination to group pressure [2]. Moreover, pressure can come from a specific person or small group, or from society as a whole.

Conformity

- a personality trait expressed in a tendency to
conformism
[3] (from late Latin conformis - “similar”, “conforming”), that is, an individual’s change of attitudes, opinions, perceptions, behavior, and so on in accordance with those that dominate in a given society or within a given group.[4][3] At the same time, the dominant position does not have to be expressed explicitly[5] or even exist in reality.[6]

Types of conformity[ | ]

Traditionally, there are two types of conformity:

• Internal
  , associated with a person’s real revision of his positions and views (comparable to self-censorship).
• External
  , associated with avoiding opposing oneself to the community on an external, behavioral level.[7] In this case, internal acceptance of an opinion or position does not occur. In fact, it is on the external, behavioral, and not on the personal level that conformism manifests itself.

There are other classifications of types of conformity. Herbert Kelman identified three levels of conformal behavior that are qualitatively different from each other - submission, identification, internalization:

• Submission
  presupposes only the external acceptance of influence, its duration is limited by the presence of a source of influence, but the opinion remains one’s own.
• Identification
  has two varieties: classical and identification in the form of a reciprocal-role relationship. With classical identification, the individual strives to become like the agent of influence because of the sympathy he feels for him and the presence of desirable traits for him to assimilate.
• In a reciprocal-role relationship, each participant in the interaction expects certain behavior from the other and tries to meet the expectations of the partner (or partners). Opinions adopted through identification are not integrated with the value system of the individual, but rather isolated from it. Such integration is characteristic of the third level of acceptance of social influence - internalization.

Another attempt to identify different species belongs to G. Song and his colleagues. They divide conformity into rational and irrational:

• Rational
  conformity presupposes behavior in which a person is guided by certain judgments and reasoning. It results from the influence exerted by another person's behavior or attitude and includes abidance, compliance, and obedience.
• Irrational
  conformity, or herd behavior, is behavior that a subject exhibits while under the influence of intuitive, instinctive processes as a result of the influence of another's behavior or attitude.[9]

Types of conformity

Traditionally, there are two types of conformity:

• Internal
  , associated with a person’s real revision of his positions and views (comparable to self-censorship).
• External
  , associated with avoiding opposing oneself to the community on an external, behavioral level.[7] In this case, internal acceptance of an opinion or position does not occur. In fact, it is on the external, behavioral, and not on the personal level that conformism manifests itself.

There are other classifications of types of conformity. Herbert Kelman identified three levels of conformal behavior that are qualitatively different from each other - submission, identification, internalization:

• Submission
  presupposes only the external acceptance of influence, its duration is limited by the presence of a source of influence, but the opinion remains one’s own.
• Identification
  has two varieties: classical and identification in the form of a reciprocal-role relationship. With classical identification, the individual strives to become like the agent of influence because of the sympathy he feels for him and the presence of desirable traits for him to assimilate.
• In a reciprocal-role relationship, each participant in the interaction expects certain behavior from the other and tries to meet the expectations of the partner (or partners). Opinions adopted through identification are not integrated with the value system of the individual, but rather isolated from it. Such integration is characteristic of the third level of acceptance of social influence - internalization.

Another attempt to identify different species belongs to G. Song and his colleagues. They divide conformity into rational and irrational:

• Rational
  conformity presupposes behavior in which a person is guided by certain judgments and reasoning. It results from the influence exerted by another person's behavior or attitude and includes abidance, compliance, and obedience.
• Irrational
  conformity, or herd behavior, is behavior that a subject exhibits while under the influence of intuitive, instinctive processes as a result of the influence of another's behavior or attitude.[9]

The role of conformity[ | ]

The neo-Freudian philosopher Erich Fromm paid great attention to what he called automating

the role of conformity (English automation conformity). Conformism, in his opinion, is a widespread protective form of behavior in modern society - a person who uses conformism ceases to be himself, completely assimilates the type of personality that cultural models offer him, and completely becomes like others and what they expect him to be. see. Fromm believes that this allows a person not to experience feelings of loneliness and anxiety, but he has to pay for this with the loss of his “I”.[10]

Social studies study “Teenage Conformism”

Teenage conformism

Kharisova Anastasia, State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School in the village of Nizhneaverkino,

scientific supervisor: Arlanova E.A.

Man is a social creature. The opinion of others regarding his actions, words, thoughts, appearance is important to him, for some to a greater extent, and for others to a lesser extent. Every person is subject to group pressure to some extent. The phenomenon of group pressure in social psychology is called “conformism”. Conformism [Latin conformis – similar, similar] is a phenomenon that describes human behavior characterized by opportunism, agreement, and a change in one’s position to the opinion of the majority [4,28].

Adolescence is a time of character development. It is during this period that the influence of the environment, the immediate environment, appears with enormous force. Many teenagers consider themselves absolutely independent from others, that no one can influence their opinions and decisions. Fiercely defending his independence from his elders, the teenager is often completely uncritical of the opinions of the group and its leader. Belonging to a company and a teenager’s position in the group are very significant for him, which is why conformism in the behavior of teenagers manifests itself quite often. It can be assumed that the conformity of younger adolescents is higher than the conformity of older adolescents, since as the adolescent grows older, he becomes more confident and independent.

The phenomenon of conformity was first described by Muzafer Sherif, who studied the emergence of certain patterns in groups of subjects. However, the term “conformism” itself was introduced in 1956. It was then that for the first time the American scientist Solomon Asha conducted a psychological experiment with a group of people to prove the effect of conformity. The results of studies conducted by psychologists and sociologists have revealed the dependence of conformity on many factors. Among them: the quantitative and qualitative composition of the group, its cohesion, age, gender, cultural and professional affiliation of the person, his social status. Conformity cannot be assessed unambiguously. It can be both useful and harmful, and even dangerous. As the ancient Greek sage Solon said, “Everything needs moderation.” For example, if people did not show conformity, it would be very difficult, almost impossible, to organize a team to achieve their goals. But on the other hand, conformist people are easy to convince not only of correct and kind ideas, but also of cruel ones. Conformists do not have their own moral core. They are dangerous because if there are a large number of such people, society degenerates. Therefore, it is the measure of conformity that determines the polarity of the assessment “Good” or “Bad”.

I conducted an empirical study of adolescent conformity using testing and experimental methods. The study involved 40 subjects, of which 17 were younger teenagers (students in grades 5, 6) and 23 older teenagers (students in grades 7, 8, 9). Testing of the study participants was carried out using the test by N.V. Kirsheva and N.V. Ryabchikova “Are you susceptible to the influence of others.” The testing results allowed us to draw the following conclusions:

1. One third of the adolescents surveyed are characterized by a high level of conformity. Of the total number of respondents, adolescents with high conformity make up 33%. At the same time, there are more than twice as many younger adolescents among them as older adolescents (9 and 4, respectively).

2. An average level of conformity is characteristic of 45% of the adolescents surveyed. There are more older teenagers with an average level of conformity than younger teenagers, 13 and 5, respectively.

3. Lack of conformity was demonstrated by 22% of adolescents. There are 2 times more older teenagers among them than younger teenagers (6 and 3, respectively).

Thus, testing showed that high conformity in adolescents manifests itself more often than its absence, and there are more than twice as many younger adolescents with high conformity as older adolescents. Which confirms the hypothesis of the research work: the tendency to conformity depends on age, conformity among younger adolescents is more common than among older adolescents.

Next, an experiment was conducted in which a group of 3 ninth-graders and 17 younger teenagers participated. Teenagers were presented with a noisy drawing depicting birds. Younger teenagers were invited to the group one at a time. Each time the group received the instruction “You will be presented with a picture of birds, you need to count and name the number corresponding to the number of birds.” The ninth-graders approached the laptop screen one at a time and took turns completing the task, with the youngest teenager coming up last. At the same time, the ninth-graders were given additional instructions to call everyone the same number - 6. If the younger teenager named a different number, each of the four participants in the experiment was offered a second attempt, with all the ninth-graders calling the same number. If during the second attempt the younger teenager insisted on his own, a final third attempt was offered, and the participants in the experiment were asked to be more attentive. The answer of the younger teenager, which differed from the answer given by the ninth-graders, indicated his non-conformity. During the experiment, only 2 younger teenagers gave an answer that differed from the answer of the ninth-graders and confirmed their answer in subsequent tests, 1 sixth-grader changed his answer under pressure from the group and agreed with the general opinion, and 14 younger teenagers agreed with the ninth-graders the first time and named the number 6.

Thus, the experiment showed that younger teenagers, under pressure from a group of older teenagers, easily agree with their opinions and thereby demonstrate a high level of conformity. In the course of the empirical study, it was possible to trace the influence on the manifestation of conformity of such factors as age, quantitative and qualitative composition of the group (a group of older teenagers of three people from the position of a younger teenager looks more erudite and he easily relies on their “infallible” opinion), cohesion and the unanimity of the group (the single opinion that the older teenagers insisted on each time turned out to be indisputable for the majority of the younger teenagers).

The danger of teenage conformism is that the teenager develops a position of uncritical, unprincipled adherence to any model that has the greatest pressure. Such a teenager can easily become a victim of various sects and antisocial groups. This is why it is so important to teach a teenager not only to listen to the opinions of others, but also to have his own opinion. It is very difficult to resist group pressure, especially as a teenager. To do this, you need to be self-confident and have a certain psychological preparation; you need to teach a teenager to say “no” and have his own line of behavior.

List of sources used.

1. Bogolyubov L.N., Ivanov L.F., Korolkova E.S. Social science. Textbook for general education institutions.-M: Education, 2009.

2. Kozlov V.V., Gordeev M.N., Vlasov N.A. Conformism as a mechanism of suggestibility in a large group // Scientific journal “Psixologiya” https://psixologiya.uz/ruaside.php?id=138

3. Shevandrin N.I. Social psychology in education. Tutorial. -M.: Vlados, 1995.

4. School Dictionary of Social Studies / Ed. L.N.Bogolyubova, Yu.I.Averyanova.-M.: Education, 2011.

Factors influencing conformity[ | ]

The manifestation of conformity is determined by many factors. Some of them were studied experimentally, for example by Solomon Asch.[7] The following factors stand out:

• individual psychological characteristics of the individual (level of intelligence, degree of suggestibility, stability of self-esteem, level of self-esteem, need for approval, and so on);
• microsocial characteristics of the individual (status and role of the individual in the group, the importance of the group for the individual, and so on);
• situational characteristics (personal significance of the problems being discussed for the individual, the level of competence of the individual and members of the community, whether the decision is made publicly, in a narrow circle or in private, and so on);
• gender and age characteristics of the individual;[11][7]
• cultural characteristics (in Western cultures, for example, in the USA, England, Italy, with their emphasis on self-expression and defending one’s opinion, conformity is usually associated with humility and compliance and is considered a clearly negative phenomenon; and in cultures where the harmony of interpersonal relationships is highly valued, for example - in Japan and China, compliance with the opinion of the majority can be interpreted as tact and social sensitivity, as a highly positive and desirable phenomenon, a social value and norm [12]).

The concept of “social conformism”

Definition 1
Conformity is one of the moral and psychological categories. This concept implies the opportunistic position of a person or a wider group of people in society. In essence, the individual inactively accepts the opinions and foundations of the majority and does not seek to resist the current social situation or political regime.

In addition, authors and researchers in this field emphasize that conformity is expressed in the willingness to share prevailing beliefs and views, to fully agree with the general mood that is widespread in society.

Note 1

It is most difficult for a conformist person to express his own opinion. He is used to obeying other people's laws, because he himself is afraid or simply does not want to offer something new. Even with internal rejection, he tries to avoid condemnation from the outside, so he is forced to accept all the rules and conditions that the majority offers.

Any society consists of groups. They represent an association of individual subjects who have common goals and moral and value guidelines. Social groups can be of several types:

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• Average social groups;
• Small social groups;
• Large social groups.

Their sizes depend on the number of participants. Each group has its own rules and regulations, as well as norms that must be accepted by all members, regardless of gender, age or other personal and social characteristics. Modern researchers consider the phenomenon of conformism from several points of view: psychological, sociological, philosophical and political. They divide this phenomenon into the social environment and conformist behavior, which in turn is a truly psychological feature of the individual.

In essence, social conformism is an uncritical, to some extent slavish acceptance, and then thoughtless adherence to the worldview that dominates society. The individual does not try to go against the prevailing system, trends and attitudes, even if there is internal rejection of them. He also perceives reality uncritically and does not seek to express his opinion or desire to express his own views.

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Note 2

Complete submission to the majority is the meaning of social conformism, and, under current conditions, researchers predominantly assess it as a negative phenomenon of our time.

Conformity and nonconformism[ | ]

Main article: Nonconformism

Intuitively, conformism (as a behavioral level of manifestation of conformity) is often contrasted with the reaction of nonconformism, or negativism, but a more detailed analysis reveals a lot of similarities between these types of behavior. A nonconformal reaction, like a conformal one, is conditioned and determined by group pressure and is dependent on it, although it is carried out in the logic of “No”. Behavioral negativism is often associated with the fact that a particular individual finds himself at the stage of joining a group, when the primary personal task for him is the task of “being and, most importantly, appearing different from everyone else.” To a much greater extent, the reactions of both conformism and nonconformism are opposed to the phenomenon of self-determination of the individual in a group.[7][13][14]

The phenomenon of collectivistic self-determination of personality

researched by A.V. Petrovsky.
In the course of his research, it was shown that the alternative to conformism is not nonconformism (its distorted form), but collectivism
, that is, behavior based not on unconscious submission to the influence of others, but on a person’s self-determination, on a kind of filtering of the influence of the collective. When implementing collectivistic self-determination of a person, a person rejects influences that do not suit him and accepts the opinion or behavior of other members of the team that he considers necessary, depending on many factors (his own assessments, beliefs, ideals).[15]

It is also noted that both conforming and non-conforming behavior are more common in groups with a low level of socio-psychological development, and, as a rule, are not characteristic of members of highly developed prosocial communities.[7]

Types of conformism

The phenomenon of group pressure received in social psychology the name of the phenomenon of conformism (from the Latin conformis - similar, conformable). It consists in the presence of a conflict between the opinion of the individual and the opinion of the group and overcoming the conflict in favor of the group.

There is a distinction between external (public) conformity and internal (personal) conformity. With external conformity, the opinion of the group is accepted by the individual only outwardly, but in reality he continues to resist it. It represents demonstrative submission to the imposed opinion of a group in order to earn approval or avoid censure, and possibly more severe sanctions from members of the group. Internal conformity (sometimes this is what is called true conformism) is expressed in the fact that the individual actually assimilates the opinion of the majority. This is a real transformation of individual attitudes as a result of internal acceptance of the position of others, assessed as more justified and objective than one’s own point of view. Despite all the differences, both forms of conformity are close in that they serve as a specific way of resolving a conscious conflict between personal and the dominant opinion in a group in favor of the latter: a person’s dependence on the group forces him to seek real or imaginary agreement with it, to adjust his behavior to seemingly alien or unusual standards .[6]

In studies of conformity, another possible position was discovered, which turned out to be accessible to fix at the experimental level [7]. This is the position of negativism (nonconformism). In this case, when a group puts pressure on an individual, and he resists this pressure in everything, trying, at all costs, to act contrary to the position of the dominant majority, at any cost and in all cases to assert the opposite point of view. Only at first glance, negativism looks like an extreme form of denial of conformity. In fact, as has been shown in many studies, negativism is not true independence. On the contrary, we can say that this is a specific case of conformity, so to speak, “conformity inside out”: if an individual sets his goal at any cost to resist the opinion of the group, then he actually again depends on the group, because he has to actively produce anti-group behavior, an anti-group position or the norm, i.e. to be attached to group opinion, but only with the opposite sign (numerous examples of negativism are demonstrated, for example, by the behavior of adolescents). Therefore, the position opposed to conformity is not negativism, but such concepts as “independence”, “independence of position”, “resistance to group pressure”, etc.[8]

Types of conformity:

o compliance or external public conformism - submission to the opinion of the group while maintaining disagreement with its position;

o approval or internal personal conformity - a change in behavior and beliefs under the influence of a group as a result of internal acceptance of its position;

o nonconformism or negative conformism - reactive resistance to group pressure. It manifests itself in a person’s stubborn, unconstructive position, even on generally accepted issues.

Levels of conformity:

· submission at the level of perception – a change in the subject’s perception under the influence of a dummy group;

· submission at the assessment level - the subject admits his assessment is erroneous and joins the group’s opinion, which is considered correct;

· submission at the level of action - the subject’s awareness of the wrongness of the group, but agreement with it due to not wanting to enter into conflict with it. Conformity is inherent to a certain extent in every person, but the degree of its manifestation depends on situational and personal factors.

Situational factors of conformity: 1) difficult task or incompetence - the less confident an individual is in his abilities, the more conformist his behavior; 2) quantitative composition of the group - conformity is higher when the number of group members is from three to seven. Increasing the size of a group of more than seven people does not lead to an increase in the degree of conformity; 3) qualitative composition of the group (their erudition and professional affiliation, etc.); 4) the authority of the person expressing the opposite opinion. At the same time, submission to authority is stronger, the closer and more legitimate the authority is. Particularly high conformity is caused by institutionalized authority - the authority of the formal status of the leader in a given organization; 5) cohesion and unanimity of the group. Moreover, if there are people in the group who support the subject, then the effect of group pressure is reduced; 6) publicity of answers also increases the level of conformity; 7) working for a joint reward increases conformity; the importance of belonging to a group increases the degree of conformity.

Personal factors of conformity: 1) age: people under the age of 25 are most susceptible to conformity; 2) gender: women have slightly higher conformity than men, which is associated both with the social roles they perform in society and the family, and with status differences, aspirations and needs; 3) culture: the degree of conformity of the population in countries of European and North American culture is lower than in countries of Asian culture, which affirms the values ​​of collectivism; 4) profession: conformity depends on the need to obey superiors within the framework of professional activity. Thus, a high level of conformity is observed among the military, orchestra members, etc.; 5) status of the individual: people with high status have less conformity than people with low and average status. Individuals with average status are most susceptible to group influence.

Conformity theories:

· Leon Festinger’s information theory is based on the fact that it is not possible to verify all incoming information, so you have to rely on the opinions of other people when it is shared by many;

· the theory of normative influence is based on the fact that conformity is associated with the individual’s desire to have certain advantages provided by membership in a group.[9]

Notes[ | ]

1. Aronson E.
   Social animal. Introduction to social psychology. - ed. 7. - M., 1998. - 517 p.
2. ↑ 1 2 Andreeva G. M.
   Social psychology: Textbook for higher educational institutions. — 5th ed., rev. and additional.. - M.: Aspect Press, 2008. - 363 p.
3. ↑ 12
   Conformity // Large psychological dictionary / edited by B. G. Meshcheryakov and V. P. Zinchenko. — 4th edition, expanded. - Moscow: AST, Prime-Euroznak, 2009. - 816 p. — 2500 copies. — ISBN 978-5-17-055694-6, ISBN 978-5-9713-9307-8, ISBN 978-5-93878-662-2.
4. Philosophical Dictionary / edited by I. T. Frolov. — 4th edition. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1981. - 448 p. — 500,000 copies.
5. N. I. Semechkin.
   Dictionary of key concepts // Social psychology at the turn of the century. Stories, theory, research. - Vladivostok: Far Eastern University Publishing House, 2001. - T. 1. - 159 p. (unavailable link)
6. Dictionary of the history of psychology. — 2007. (inaccessible link)
7. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kondratyev M. Yu., Ilyin V. A.
   Conformism // ABC of social psychologist-practitioner. - Moscow: Per Se, 2007. - 464 p. — 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-5-9292-0162-2. (unavailable link)
8. Krichevsky R. L., Dubovskaya E. M.
   Social psychology of a small group: A textbook for universities. - M.: Aspect Press, 2001. - 318 p.
9. Song G., Ma Q., Wu F., Li L.
   The Psychological Explanation of Conformity // Social Behavior & Personality: an International Journal. - 2012. - No. 40. Issue 8. - pp. 1365-1372.
10. Fromm, Erich.
    Mechanisms of “escape” // Escape from freedom = Escape from Freedom. - AST, 2011. - 288 p. - (Philosophy). — 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-5-17-065381-2, ISBN 978-5-271-34452-7. Archived copy from October 26, 2011 on the Wayback Machine
11. Philosophical Dictionary / edited by I. T. Frolov. — 4th edition. - Moscow: Politizdat, 1981. - 448 p. — 500,000 copies.
12. Stefanenko T. G.
    Ethnopsychology: Textbook for universities. — 3rd ed., rev. and additional.. - M.: Aspect Press, 2004. - 368 p.
13. Kondratyev M. Yu., Ilyin V. A.
    Nonconformism // ABC of social psychologist-practitioner. - Moscow: Per Se, 2007. - 464 p. — 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-5-9292-0162-2. (unavailable link)
14. Nonconformism // Social psychology. Dictionary / Edited by M. Yu. Kondratyev; Editor-compiler L. A. Karpenko; Under the general editorship of A. V. Petrovsky. - Per Se, Rech, 2006. - T. 2. - 175 p. — (Psychological Lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary). — ISBN 5-9292-0141-2, ISBN 592680339X. (unavailable link)
15. Petrovsky A.V.
    Personality. Activity. Team. - M.: Politizdat, 1982. - 255 p.

CONFORMISM

CONFORMISM (from Latin conformis - similar, conformable) - English. conformism; German Conformizm. 1. Adaptation, uncritical acceptance of the existing order of things, norms, values, habits, opinions, etc., lack of one’s own position. 2. The doctrine of the Church of England, which recognizes the head of state as the head of the church; a type of Protestantism.

Source: Sociological Encyclopedic Dictionary on Gufo.me

Meanings in other dictionaries

1. CONFORMISM - CONFORMISM (from late Latin conformis - similar, conformable) - opportunism, passive acceptance of the existing order, prevailing opinions, lack of one’s own position, unprincipled and uncritical adherence to any model that has the greatest pressure. Large encyclopedic dictionary
2. conformism - noun, number of synonyms: 2 unscrupulousness 13 opportunism 6 Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language
3. Conformism - (from late Latin conformis - similar, conformable) a moral and political term denoting opportunism, passive acceptance of the existing order of things, prevailing opinions, etc. Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4. conformism - Conform/change/. Morphemic-spelling dictionary
5. conformism - CONFORMISM -a; m. [from lat. cōn-fōrmis - similar, similar] Book. 1. A person’s ability to change his views and behavior under the influence or pressure of the majority. 2. Adaptability, passive acceptance of the existing order, following general opinions and fashionable trends. ◁ Conformist (see). Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary
6. conformism - spelling conformism, -a Lopatin's Spelling Dictionary
7. conformism - conformism I m. Psychological phenomenon of dependence on public opinion. II m. Passive acceptance of the existing order, prevailing opinion, etc.; opportunism. Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
8. CONFORMISM - (Latin conformis - similar, similar) opportunism, passive perception of the existing order of things, prevailing opinions, bordering on servility. Economic dictionary of terms
9. conformism - CONFORMISM, a, m. (book). Adaptability, thoughtless adherence to general opinions and fashion trends. | adj. conformist, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
10. CONFORMISM - CONFORMISM (from late Latin conformis - similar, conformable) - an individual’s uncritical acceptance of the existing order of things, adaptation to it, refusal to develop one’s own position... New Philosophical Encyclopedia
11. conformism - Conformism, conformisms, conformism, conformisms, conformism, conformisms, conformism, conformisms, conformism, conformisms, conformism, conformisms Zaliznyak's Grammar Dictionary
12. Conformism is (from Latin conformis - similar) the tendency of an individual to change his beliefs, values ​​and actions under the influence of the group in which the person is included. In psychology, a tendency... Pedagogical terminological dictionary
13. conformism - CONFORMISM a, m. conformisme m. <p.-lat. conformis similar, similar. Adaptation, passive acceptance of the existing order of things, prevailing opinions, etc. SIS 1985. Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian language
14. CONFORMISM - See CONFORMITY. Large psychological dictionary

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