Causes of pathology
Scientists have not identified the exact reasons for the development of autoimmune disease. According to the theory, there are:
- infectious diseases;
- dysfunction of the circulatory system, when lymphocytes destroy healthy cells of the body along with ineffective ones;
- viral diseases;
- heredity.
New methods of treating multiple sclerosis are of interest to many.
The symptoms of the disease in question are identical to the symptoms of neurological diseases. Based on this, the process of establishing a correct diagnosis in the early stages becomes difficult. The pathology is characterized by:
- Short-term impairment of visual function.
- Dizziness, fatigue.
- Unnatural movements.
- Weakness in the limbs.
- Increased sensitivity to pain.
- Numbness of the limbs.
- Speech impairment.
- Partial paralysis.
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis cannot be made by relying on medical history and routine examinations. The presence of the disease can only be determined using MRI.
Tomography determines the presence of pathologies in the brain, as well as the level of changes in nerve tissue.
Before learning anything new in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, it is necessary to understand what therapy is. Treatment for multiple sclerosis should be started only after medications have been prescribed by a neurologist. Depending on the extent of the affected brain tissue and the progress of the disease, it is necessary to begin specific therapy immediately.
New in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Medicines for the treatment of this disease began to be imported to Russia only in 2006, but the cost of these drugs was so high that they made treatment inaccessible. After the inclusion of the disease in the federal-scale program “Seven Nosologies” in 2008, there was a guarantee of providing patients with medicines at the expense of the state.
Nowadays, new drugs are increasingly appearing in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
The emergence of Russian-made analogues was a great success and victory.
When the patent protection period for original drugs expires, they are allowed to be reproduced in our country. Generic companies are ready for this. All work on developing a copy is usually carried out in advance, since the formula of any original medicine is known. Registration of an analogue can also be done in advance, since this process is quite long.
As a rule, generics are registered according to a simplified scheme, which is a worldwide practice. Manufacturers of the analogue do not need to conduct long-term clinical trials; they only need to prove how accurately the compositions of the active substance of the original and the analogue match. Based on this, we get a more affordable price.
According to statistics, Russian medicines cause wariness and mistrust among both doctors and patients. This is explained by the fact that for them treatment with proven drugs is more reliable. So, let's look at new drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Many new drugs for treatment are in the clinical research phase.
- "Mitoxantrone" is a cytotoxic drug that suppresses the immune system, the number of relapses is reduced.
- "Cladribine" - normal lymphocyte function will be restored, structural changes in the brain will be reduced. But during experimental trials, side effects were discovered: exacerbation of brain diseases, malignant tumors. The drug was deregistered. A repeat application will be made after revision.
- "Laquinimod" - the lymphocytic function of the immune system is restored, the number of exacerbations decreases, and there are no destructive neurological processes.
Botulinum toxin
The toxin is obtained from specific bacteria. It contains protein, and the substance itself belongs to the group of neurotoxins that inhibit the activity of certain fibers. Botulinum toxin relieves muscle spasms in MS.
Different types of substances are used for therapy. They block the breakdown of acetylcholine, which amplifies nerve signals in muscles, causing spasms . After some time after starting to take the medicine, the muscles relax.
The toxin is administered intramuscularly, and the first effect occurs after a week of treatment. The effect lasts for 5-7 months. Doctors prescribe injections once every 3 months to maintain the effect. However, it should not be used if large muscle spasms have occurred.
Side effects of the drug include: muscle weakness, limited mobility, flu symptoms.
1-2 days after the substance is introduced into the body, the negative symptoms disappear. A small number of patients develop resistance to the substance as the body begins to produce antibodies to the toxin.
"Glatiramer acetate"
Glatiramer acetate is one such drug. It has a rather complex composition - a mixture of synthetic polypeptides. The original manufacturers argued that it was unrealistic to replicate the medicine they developed without compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. Deviations from the composition of the starting substances during synthesis can lead to disruption of the molecular structure. This could change the pharmacological effect of this medicine on the body.
This problem has been resolved. Young talented biochemist scientists began research at the Department of Chemistry of Moscow State University, and then at one stage of the work they continued their development, using the support of F-Synthesis.
This direction is completely new in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in Russia.
Drugs for exacerbations
To treat exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, drugs consisting of corticosteroid hormones are used. They have serious benefits because they significantly suppress the activity of the immune system. At the same time, corticosteroids have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.
The most common substances used for MS are: tablet prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone.
The last two substances are used only intravenously and have an enhanced effect. However, hormones cannot be used constantly: side effects develop, and violation of instructions can lead to death.
In some cases, hormones do not help patients, then blood purification is prescribed.
Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which a person’s blood is pumped through a special apparatus. This destroys some elements and changes the composition of the blood.
"Xemus"
Our scientists have developed the first domestically produced drug for the treatment of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The drug, called Xemus, must still undergo final clinical trials and then enter the pharmaceutical market. They promise that this medicine will be provided to patients with multiple sclerosis free of charge. According to data provided by the Ministry of Health, the number of patients with multiple sclerosis is increasing.
A new drug developed in Russia for the treatment of multiple sclerosis is an analogue of one of the most expensive lots of the state program “7 nosologies”. Registration of this medicine may mean that import substitution has become real; residents of our country will no longer be dependent on foreign supplies of original medicines. More than 5 billion rubles are spent annually on their purchase. According to the developers of the Russian drug, they promise to sell it cheaper.
A trial batch of the developed drug was released back in 2012 in order to conduct clinical trials. The tests went well. The company's site where these tests are carried out is one of the most modern in the country. The company's management spares no expense on personnel training or equipment. This can be confirmed by three certificates that meet international GMP standards.
The latest developments in the treatment of multiple sclerosis have been awaited for a very long time. The drug should have been registered last year, but the procedure dragged on for more than one month. showed its readiness to participate in government procurement, but the auction was postponed by decision of the FAS in order not to violate antimonopoly legislation.
Experts predict that the price will fall due to a competitor not coming to the auction. The company's management stated that the introduction of a Russian analogue to the market will help reduce the cost of purchases by at least 20%.
Treatment
Due to the complexity of the disease, treatment directly depends on determining the extent of the disease. If we say that multiple sclerosis, its treatment is the ingestion of medications or the use of certain techniques or a combination of the above, this will be a deeply incomplete answer. Modern medicine today uses immunosuppressants - cytostatics, steroids; neuroprotectors, nootropic drugs, translingual stimulation, fasting and yoga. A patient with MS needs to be regularly examined by an electrophysiologist, immunologist, or urologist. neurologist, neuro-ophthalmologist, neuropsychologist. Treatment directly depends on the stage of the disease. If it is possible to determine the exact stage, this simplifies the treatment process and allows you to avoid spending extra money on expensive drugs.
Stages
The initial form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by the fact that it does not show itself in any way. An MRI performed by chance, performed or planned reveals very minor brain damage, which shows that a small part of the nerve fibers is affected, and healthy nerve fibers have taken over the function of the lost ones. At this stage, you only need to visit a neurologist. Multiple sclerosis, the stages of which have gone beyond the framework of imperceptible symptoms, requires collecting an anamnesis and determining the path of treatment. Identifying the area of the nervous system from which to begin diagnosis often determines the success of treatment. When a disease is identified and it shows obvious characteristic signs, this is considered to be the form of the disease. At this stage, a treatment method is chosen, and if there is progress in treatment, then they continue to use this method; if the disease progresses, they change the method and medications until there is a noticeable improvement. The final stage is characterized by increased neuropsychological disorders with a deep decrease in intelligence; changes are expressed in the form of asthenic syndrome, hysterical reactions, depression or, less often, euphoria, lack of control over one’s emotions, and emotional instability. The combination of these stages, depending on the individual characteristics of the course of the disease, includes four stages of multiple sclerosis: remitting - when improvement occurs between exacerbations; primary progressive – constant deterioration from the first signs of the disease; secondary progressive – continuous progression of the disease; remitting-progressive, when exacerbations alternate with the frequency of manifestations of the disease in the period between attacks.
Treatment methods
When the first signs of multiple sclerosis appear, it is already necessary to begin treatment by contacting specialists at the clinic. Currently, such directions in the treatment of this disease are known as: – PMTRS - preventive drug therapy.
Today, science knows ways to slow down the course of MS and ways to reduce the number of attacks. This is achieved with immunomodulators, which also reduce the activity of antibodies - these are interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Interferon beta prevents the growth of cells of the immune system; glatiramer acetate is like a myelin protein for the body, which takes over the work of the immune system. Treatment is not limited to medications alone. Procedures and activities that restore motor functions are also necessary.
Symptomatic treatment
Symptoms of the disease appear and appear in altered form regularly. Practice shows that no two people are alike and have the same set of manifestations of the disease. Destroying parts of the brain and spinal cord, MS manifests itself individually in each patient. Early multiple sclerosis, manifesting itself as muscle spasticity, is treated with drugs containing baclofen, tolperisone, and tizanidine. Weakening of urinary function is normalized by intravenous administration of levocarnitine. For difficult coordination of movements and tremors, glycine is used. To restore mental abilities, they give the patient psychostimulants and nootropic drugs.
Treatment of exacerbations
MS is characterized by episodic exacerbations. After completing a course of localizing the exacerbation, the attending physician selects a medicine that changes the course of the disease. It is believed that the new drug can delay the exacerbation of multiple sclerosis.
Translingual neurostimulation
Multiple sclerosis is a serious disease of the nervous system. The reasons for the occurrence have not yet been clarified. The course of the disease is influenced by two processes: autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration.
Modern medications can only slow down the course of the disease.
The most effective drug is Alemtuzumab, which eliminates disease progression in 95 percent of cases for 13 years. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24849515 Treatment with this drug is quite expensive.
But not everything is so hopeless. There are more affordable treatments. These are Dr. Coimbra's protocol and Dr. Klenner's protocol. Anyone can find out a detailed description of these protocols on the Internet. Moreover, it is possible to combine them. Both of these methods make it possible to stabilize the patient’s condition, ensuring that the disease does not progress.
The next step after stabilizing the condition is to eliminate the existing neurological deficit and maintain the existing functions of the nervous system. At this stage it is necessary to use Neuroport.
The rehabilitation potential of NEUROPORT is not limited only to enhancing remyelination and creating new connections, but also to optimizing the functions of excitation and inhibition, as well as strengthening synaptic transmission. In addition, the developer of the translingual sitimulation method, Yu. P. Danilov, repeatedly emphasizes that when using the device, a network of glial cells is used, which also conduct impulses in the same way as neurons. So the effect of the device is multifaceted and its rehabilitation potential is not fully realized immediately, but over several months of constant use.
Thus, the use of the Coimbra and Klenner protocols and daily use of Neuroport will allow patients with multiple sclerosis to overcome this disease.
Each treatment method is selected and combined individually, depending on the stage of the disease, the course of the disease and the experience of the attending physician.
News in therapy
The main news is the appearance of a new drug on the Russian market. Russian biologists have begun developing a vaccine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
The medicine is based on liposomes, artificially created fat molecules. They consist of myelin, which restores nerve connections. The further development of the disease is inhibited, and normal immune function is restored. Clinical experiments are carried out on volunteers. As a result, the drug will be approved for mass therapy.
A new stem cell-based treatment for multiple sclerosis will also be released soon. T-lymphocytes are blocked, destroying the myelin sheath of nerve cells.
